miR-4461 inhibits the progression of Gallbladder carcinoma via regulating EGFR/AKT signaling

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) participated in the tumorigenesis, progression and recurrence of various malignancies including Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). miR-4461 was reported to work as a tumor suppressor gene in renal cell carcinoma. However, the role of miR-4461 in GBC remains unknown. Herein, we show that miR-4461 is downregulated in gallbladder cancer stem cells (CSCs). Forced miR-4461 expression attenuates the self-renewal, tumorigenicity of gallbladder CSCs, and inhibits proliferation and metastasis of GBC cells. Conversely, miR-4461 knockdown promotes the self-renewal of gallbladder CSCs, and facilities proliferation and metastasis of GBC cells. Mechanistically, miR-4461 inhibits GBC progression via downregulating EGFR/AKT pathway. Special EGFR siRNA or AKT overexpression virus abolishes the discrepancy of self-renewal, tumorigenesis, growth, and metastasis between miR-4461 overexpression GBC cells and their control cells. In conclusion, miR-4461 suppresses GBC cells self-renewal, tumorigenicity, proliferation, and metastasis by inactivating EGFR/AKT signaling, and may therefore prove to be a potential therapeutic target for GBC patients.