Comparative effects of mRNA vaccine booster and natural Omicron infection on the neutralizing antibody response

A recent report found that booster vaccination could significantly increase the neutralizing responses to all the variant of concern, including Omicron [1]. Other studies questioned whether a booster dose of vaccine is more effective than two doses in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in pre-Omicron populations [2]. New waves of infection can occur in populations whose immunity is due to a prior infection and/or vaccination [3], while other studies indicate that Omicron overcomes the immunity provided by vaccination and/or infection with an earlier variant [4]. Public health policies can benefit from knowledge of the immune responses elicited by vaccination and natural infection.