Further delineation of familial polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) via whole‐exome sequencing: PCOS‐related rare FBN3 and FN1 gene variants are identified

Aim To identify pathogenic rare coding Mendelian/high‐effect size variant(s) by whole‐exome sequencing in familial polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients to elucidate PCOS‐related pathways. Methods Twenty women and their affected available relatives diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria were recruited. Whole‐exome sequencing on germ‐line DNA from 31 PCOS probands and their affected relatives was performed. Whole‐exome sequencing data were further evaluated by pathway and chemogenomics analyses. In‐slico analysis of candidate variants were done by VarCards for functional predictions and VarSite for impact on three‐dimensional (3D) structures in the candidate proteins. Results Two heterozygous rare FBN3 missense variants in three patients, and one FN1 missense variant in one patient from three different PCOS families were identified. Conclusion We identified three novel FBN3 and FN1 variants for the first time in the literature and linked with PCOS. Further functional studies may identify causality of these newly discovered PCOS‐related variants, and their role yet remains to be investigated. Our findings may improve our understanding of the biological pathways affected and identify new drug targets.