Response and Outcomes to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Cancer Based on Prior Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but response rates can be modest. We compared outcomes between patients with and without prior intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), who...

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Veröffentlicht in:Clinical genitourinary cancer 2022-04, Vol.20 (2), p.165-175
Hauptverfasser: Talukder, Rafee, Makrakis, Dimitrios, Diamantopoulos, Leonidas N., Carril-Ajuria, Lucia, Castellano, Daniel, De Kouchkovsky, Ivan, Koshkin, Vadim S., Park, Joseph J., Alva, Ajjai, Bilen, Mehmet A., Stewart, Tyler F., McKay, Rana R., Santos, Victor S., Agarwal, Neeraj, Jain, Jayanshu, Zakharia, Yousef, Morales-Barrera, Rafael, Devitt, Michael E., Grant, Michael, Lythgoe, Mark P., Pinato, David J., Nelson, Ariel, Hoimes, Christopher J., Shreck, Evan, Gartrell, Benjamin A., Sankin, Alex, Tripathi, Abhishek, Zakopoulou, Roubini, Bamias, Aristotelis, Murgic, Jure, Fröbe, Ana, Rodriguez-Vida, Alejo, Drakaki, Alexandra, Liu, Sandy, Kumar, Vivek, Lorenzo, Giuseppe Di, Joshi, Monika, Velho, Pedro Isaacsson, Buznego, Lucia Alonso, Duran, Ignacio, Moses, Marcus, Barata, Pedro, Sonpavde, Guru, Yu, Evan Y., Wright, Jonathan L., Grivas, Petros, Khaki, Ali Raza
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but response rates can be modest. We compared outcomes between patients with and without prior intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), who received ICI for aUC, hypothesizing that prior intravesical BCG would be associated with worse outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study across 25 institutions in US and Europe. We compared observed response rate (ORR) using logistic regression; progression-free survival (PFS) and OS using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Analyses were stratified by treatment line (first line/salvage) and included multivariable models adjusting for known prognostic factors. A total of 1026 patients with aUC were identified; 614, 617, and 638 were included in ORR, OS, PFS analyses, respectively. Overall, 150 pts had history of prior intravesical BCG treatment. ORR to ICI was similar between those with and without prior intravesical BCG exposure in both first line and salvage settings (adjusted odds radios 0.55 [P= .08] and 1.65 [P= .12]). OS (adjusted hazard ratios 1.05 [P= .79] and 1.13 [P= .49]) and PFS (adjusted hazard ratios 1.12 [P= .55] and 0.87 [P= .39]) were similar between those with and without intravesical BCG exposure in first line and salvage settings. Prior intravesical BCG was not associated with differences in response and survival in patients with aUC treated with ICI. Limitations include retrospective nature, lack of randomization, presence of selection and confounding biases. This study provides important preliminary data that prior intravesical BCG exposure may not impact ICI efficacy in aUC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors improve overall survival in advanced urothelial carcinoma, but response rates remain modest. We performed a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes (observed response rate, progression-free and overall survival) between patients with and without prior intravesical BCG exposure. All outcomes were similar between the two populations. This study provides preliminary data that prior intravesical BCG exposure does not impact checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.
ISSN:1558-7673
1938-0682
DOI:10.1016/j.clgc.2021.12.012