The Natural History of Small Vestibular Schwannomas

Objective The incidence of vestibular schwannomas is increasing, and the average tumor size at diagnosis is decreasing. Therefore, understanding the specific growth pattern of small vestibular schwannomas is becoming increasingly important to guide clinical management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the growth patterns of very small intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas measuring ≤ 4 mm in linear diameter and to assess the likelihood of these lesions ever requiring treatment. Methods A retrospective review was performed. A search of all MRI brain and internal auditory canal studies suggestive of a vestibular schwannoma from 1995 to 2019 was performed at our institution. This resulted in 372 cases, which were then evaluated for the presence of a vestibular schwannoma measuring ≤ 4 mm. All patients had to have at least one follow-up MRI to be included. Images were reviewed by a neuroradiologist. Results Eight ≤ 4 mm vestibular schwannomas were found that met all search criteria. The distribution of tumor sizes was as follows: three 2 mm, one 3 mm and four 4 mm. None of the ≤ 4 mm vestibular schwannomas identified demonstrated any significant growth in the linear dimension defined as greater than 2 mm of growth over observation times of 1-13 years (mean 6.3 years). None of the lesions ever required a treatment intervention per available medical records. Conclusion None of the ≤ 4 mm intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas identified in this study grew significantly or required treatment. Overall, the findings in this study suggest that vestibular schwannomas measuring ≤ 4 mm are unlikely to grow and ever require treatment.