Is Lever Test Superior to Lachman, Pivot Shift, Drawer Tests in Diagnosing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries?

The physical examination in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is extremely important, and the Lever test is commonly utilized on ACL evaluation. However, the number and scope of studies on the Lever test is limited. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnostic values of Lachman, Pivot Shift, Lever, and Anterior Drawer tests in terms of quadriceps atrophy and case phase in ACL injuries. In this prospective study, diagnostic values of Lachman, Pivot Shift, Lever, and Anterior Drawer tests were examined on 189 patients with positive MRI results as the gold standard. Lever test positivity was significantly more frequent in the group with quadriceps atrophy preoperative and after sedation (p