Evaluation of the Effect of Different Treatment Management on Refractive Outcomes in Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities on refractive outcomes in patients treated with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The records of children who were treated for severe ROP in our clinic between January 2015 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The children who were treated were analyzed in three subgroups as intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), laser photocoagulation (LPC), and IVB + LPC. Spherical equivalent (SEQ), spherical and cylindrical power measurements of the cases were recorded in diopters (D). SE ≤-0.25D was accepted as myopia and SE of more than 1 D between two eyes was accepted as anisometropia. A total of 160 eyes of 80 participants were eligible for inclusion: 38 eyes in the IVB group, 24 eyes in the LPC group, 16 eyes in the IVB + LPC group, 44 eyes in the spontaneously regressed group, and 38 eyes in the full-term children. Although the mean spherical power and SEQ in the IVB group were lower than in the LPC group (p=0.019 and 0.013, respectively), there was no significant difference between the IVB group and the IVB + LPC group (p=0.541 and 0.804, respectively). In terms of mean cylindrical power and prevalence of myopia and anisometropia, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p>0.05). Although spherical power and SEQ can change according to the ROP treatment management, there is no difference in terms of the cylindrical power, prevalence of myopia, and anisometropia. The most important risk factor for myopia and anisometropia in premature children may be ROP severity and retinal immaturity.