Zwitterionic polymer electroplating facilitates the preparation of electrode surface for biosensing

Surface chemistry critically affects the diagnostic performance of biosensors. An ideal sensor surface should be resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, yet be conducive to analytical responses. Here we report a new polymeric material, zwitterionic polypyrrole (ZiPPy), to produce optimal surface condition for biosensing electrodes. ZiPPy combines merits from two unique precursors: the zwitterionic function that efficiently hydrates electrode surface, hindering nonspecific binding of hydrophobic proteins; and the pyrrole backbone which enables rapid (