Cancer Rehabilitation Provided by Designated Cancer Hospitals in Japan: The Current State of Outpatient Setting and Coordination after Discharge

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to clarify the current state of outpatient cancer rehabilitation and coordination systems provided by designated cancer hospitals in Japan.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 427 designated cancer hospitals in Japan to investigate the status of outpatient cancer rehabilitation and whether it was sufficiently conducted. The status of regional coordination with post-discharge rehabilitation facilities was surveyed.Results: Responses were received from 235/427 facilities (55.0%). Outpatient cancer rehabilitation was implemented in 92 (39.1% of responding facilities), and of these facilities, 83.7% answered that the provision of rehabilitation was insufficient. The reasons were ineligibility for reimbursement of medical fees, a lack of human resources, a lack of awareness of the need, and a lack of education. Regional coordination was conducted by 39.1% of responding facilities, yet a regional alliance path had been established in only 9.8% of centers. The absence of coordination was associated with large facility size, the absence of physiatrists, and few rehabilitation professionals who had completed the training program; an insufficient framework for regional coordination was also given as a reason.Conclusions: To provide adequate outpatient cancer rehabilitation, sufficient human resources, the reimbursement of medical fees in the outpatient setting, and education and a framework to promote regional coordination are necessary.