Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, free β subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before i...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-01, Vol.23 (3), p.1380
Hauptverfasser: d'Hauterive, Sophie Perrier, Close, Romann, Gridelet, Virginie, Mawet, Marie, Nisolle, Michelle, Geenen, Vincent
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Animals
Apoptosis
Blastocyst - metabolism
Chemical bonds
Chorionic gonadotropin
Chorionic Gonadotropin - metabolism
Clinical medicine
Embryo Implantation - physiology
Embryogenesis
Embryonic Development - physiology
Endocrinologie, métabolisme & nutrition
Endocrinology, metabolism & nutrition
Gonadotropins
HCG
Human health sciences
Humans
Hypertension
Immunologie & maladie infectieuse
Immunology
Immunology & infectious disease
Implantation
Isoforms
Mammals
Miscarriage
Miscarriages
Médecine de la reproduction (Gynécologie, andrologie, obstétrique)
Ovulation
Oxidative stress
Physiology
Pituitary (anterior)
Pituitary gland
Preeclampsia
Pregancy
Pregnancy
Protein Isoforms - metabolism
Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics)
Review
Sciences de la santé humaine
Thyroid
Thyroid function
Urine
Womens health
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Zusammenfassung:Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, free β subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. This review synthetizes everything currently known on this multi-effect hormone: hCG levels, angiogenetic activity, immunological actions, and effects on miscarriages and thyroid function.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23031380