Beclin-1 expression serves as an important biomarker for carcinogenesis and evolution in lung adenocarcinoma presenting as ground glass opacity

The prognostic impact of and relationship between expression and carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma has not been clarified. The data of 10 patients with atypical adenomatoid hyperplasia (AAH), 20 patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 28 patients with minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 50 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) who underwent surgical resection, were retrospectively reviewed. Normal lung tissues (NTs) were also collected for comparison. The expression levels of mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was also performed. The transcriptional expression of in lung adenocarcinoma presenting as GGO was significantly lower than that in NTs (P