Validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the displaced aggression questionnaire

Displaced aggression occurs when a person encounters a provoking situation, is unable or unwilling to retaliate against the original provocateur, and subsequently aggresses against a target that is not the source of the initial provocation. The displaced aggression questionnaire (DAQ) was developed to measure individual differences in the tendency to displace aggression. To develop a Dutch version of the DAQ and examine relationships between the DAQ and novel individual differences. The Dutch version of the DAQ was created using a back-translation procedure. Undergraduate students ( = 413) participated in the current study. The questionnaires were administered online. The results confirmed the original three-factor structure and showed good reliability and validity. We also found differential relationships between trait displaced aggression, social anxiety and cognitive distortions. The results may indicate that distinct patterns exist in the development of the different dimensions of trait displaced aggression. This study adds to the growing cross-cultural literature showing the robustness of trait displaced aggression in several different cultures.