Point of Care Ultrasound as Performed by the Clinician for the Enhancement of Physical Examination: A Technique Guide for Developmental Hip Dysplasia

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common anatomical pathology present in newborns. DDH is the most common orthopaedic disorder in newborns, with incidences cited from 4.4% to 51.8% depending on risk factors, populations and method of reporting. Traditionally, the standard physical exam for newborns includes the Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers. If either is positive by the pediatrician, the baby is then sent for evaluation by a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon. At this stage, either the pediatrician or pediatric orthopaedic surgeon obtains an ultrasound—the gold standard for DDH diagnosis. When early identification and treatment are not in place, it can lead to significant consequences on an individual’s health and financial and public health implications for society at large. This is a detailed technique guide aimed to help physicians consistently perform thorough US evaluations of pediatric hips in order to successfully screen, diagnosis and manage treatment of DDH.