To explore immune synergistic function of Quercetin in inhibiting breast cancer cells

Background The precancerous disease of breast cancer is an inevitable stage in the tumorigenesis and development of breast neoplasms. Quercetin (Que) has shown great potential in breast cancer treatment by inhibiting cell proliferation and regulating T cell function. [gamma][delta] T cells are a class of nontraditional T cells that have long attracted attention due to their potential in immunotherapy. In this study, we revealed the immunomodulatory function of Que through regulation of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, which was followed by the synergistic killing of breast cancer cells. Methods In the experimental design, we first screened target genes with or without Que treatment, and we intersected the Que target with the disease target by functional enrichment analysis. Second, MCF-10A, MCF-10AT, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were treated with Que for 0 h, 24 h and 48 h. Then, we observed the expression of its subsets by coculturing Que and [gamma][delta] T cells and coculturing Que and [gamma][delta] T cells with breast tumor cells to investigate their synergistic killing effect on tumor cells. Finally, Western blotting was used to reveal the changes in proteins related to the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway after Que treatment in MCF-10AT and MCF-7 cells for 48 h. Results The pathway affected by Que treatment was the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway and was associated with precancerous breast cancer, as shown by network pharmacology analysis. Que induced apoptosis of MCF-10AT, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Most importantly, Que promoted the differentiation of [gamma][delta] T cells into the V[delta]2 T cell subpopulation. The best ratio of effector cells to target cells (E/T) was 10:1, the killing percentages of [gamma][delta] T cells against MCF-10A, MCF-10AT, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 were 61.44 [+ or -] 4.70, 55.52 [+ or -] 3.10, 53.94 [+ or -] 2.74, and 53.28 [+ or -] 1.73 (P = 0.114, P = 0.486, and P = 0.343, respectively), and the strongest killing effect on precancerous breast cancer cells and breast cancer cells was found when the Que concentration was 5 [mu]M and the E/T ratio was 10:1 (64.94 [+ or -] 3.61, 64.96 [+ or -] 5.45, 55.59 [+ or -] 5.98, and 59.04 [+ or -] 5.67, respectively). In addition, our results showed that Que increased the protein levels of IFN[gamma]-R, p-JAK2 and p-STAT1 while decreasing the protein levels of PD-L1 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, Que play