Metabolic Scar Assessment with18F-FDG PET: Correlation to Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate and Successful Ablation Sites

The functional and molecular imaging characteristics of ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate are incompletely understood. Our objective was to compare regional 18F-FDG PET tracer uptake with detailed electroanatomic maps (EAMs) in a more extensive series of postinfarction VT patients to define the metabolic properties of VT substrate and successful ablation sites. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) metabolic left ventricular reconstructions were created from perfusion-normalized 18F-FDG PET images in consecutive patients undergoing VT ablation. PET defects were classified as severe (defined as 1.5 mV), or border zones (defined as voltage of 0.5-1.5 mV). Results: All 56 patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction, 29% ± 12%). Severe PET defects were larger than dense scarring, at 63.0 ± 48.4 cm2 versus 13.8 ± 33.1 cm2 ( P < 0.001). Similarly, moderate/severe PET defects (≤70%) were larger than areas with abnormal voltage (≤1.5 mV) measuring 105.1 ± 67.2 cm2 versus 56.2 ± 62.6 cm2 ( P < 0.001). Analysis of bipolar voltage (23,389 mapping points) showed decreased voltage among severe PET defects ( n = 10,364; 0.5 ± 0.3 mV) and moderate PET defects ( n = 5,243; 1.5 ± 0.9 mV, P < 0.01), with normal voltage among normal PET areas (>70% uptake) ( n = 7,782, 3.2 ± 1.3 mV, P < 0.001). Eighty-eight percent of VT channel or exit sites ( n = 44) were metabolically abnormal (severe PET defect, 78%; moderate PET defect, 10%), whereas 12% ( n = 6) were in PET-normal areas. Metabolic channels ( n = 26) existed in 45% ( n = 25) of patients, with an average length and width of 17.6 ± 12.5 mm and 10.3 ± 4.2 mm, respectively. Metabolic channels were oriented predominantly in the apex or base (86%), harboring VT channel or exit sites in 31%. Metabolic rapid-transition areas (>50% change in 18F-FDG tracer uptake/15 mm) were detected in 59% of cases ( n = 33), colocalizing to VT channels or exit sites (15%) or near these sites (85%, 12.8 ± 8.5 mm). Metabolism-voltage mismatches in which there was a severe PET defect but voltage indicating normal myocardium were seen in 21% of patients ( n = 12), 41% of whom were harboring VT channel or exit s