Concurrent COVID-19 and Tuberculosis in an Immigrant Worker Presenting with Hemoptysis

A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital by a regional public health center for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was diagnosed by the nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test. The patient, who is immigrant worker from Nepal at an Indian restaurant in Japan, had acute-onset fever, productive cough with hemoptysis, and taste and smell disorders for 8 days before admission. He had no past medical history including tuberculosis (TB), and no subacute or chronic symptoms to suspect TB. This case exemplifies the importance of being aware of possible concurrent infections in patients with COVID-19, and that correct assessment of patients at appropriate times is essential to identify co-infections. The epidemiological background of TB, clinical pattern of symptom onset, and period of hemoptysis are key to recognizing concurrent infection of TB among patients with COVID-19 presenting hemoptysis.