Prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among people with chronic psychotic disorders at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental Rehabilitation center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. Currently, about 1.7 billion (26%) of the world's population are considered to be infected with M. tuberculosis. The risk of acquiring tuberculosis is higher on some segments of societies including people with severe mental illness. As a result, World health organization (WHO) strongly recommends screening for tuberculosis in such risk groups and setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among patients with chronic psychotic disorders admitted at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental rehabilitation center from February to June, 2020. All admitted patients were screened for any sign of TB as recommended by WHO. Presumptive TB cases were identified. Sputum samples were collected and tested by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 statistical software and Chi square analysis was used to test the statistical association. Results From a total 3600 pschotic patients screened for TB, 250 (6.94%) presumptive tuberculosis cases were detected. From these, 27 (10.8%) were positive by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Most of the patients were males (68.4%). The mean +/- SD age of the participant was 36.5 +/- 9.7 years. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis was found to be 750 per 100,000 population. The number of patients per room (p = 0.039) was associated with Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of active tuberculosis among chronic psychotic patients was high. Number of admitted patients per room was identified as risk factors for Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Therefore, to control TB transmission in chronic mental health treatment facilities, efforts should be directed to periodic screening for early case detection and improving the number of patients per room.