Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin
An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2021-10, Vol.13 (20), p.3496 |
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| description | An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym13203496 |
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Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym13203496</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34685257</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Composite materials ; Cone calorimeters ; Curing ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Efficiency ; Electron microscopy ; Epoxy resins ; Flame retardants ; Melting ; Montmorillonite ; Nanocomposites ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Polymers ; Structural stability ; Surfactants ; Thermal stability ; Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2021-10, Vol.13 (20), p.3496</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.</description><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Cone calorimeters</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Differential scanning calorimetry</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Flame retardants</subject><subject>Melting</subject><subject>Montmorillonite</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Structural stability</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><subject>Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1rFTEUxYMottQu3QfcuBnN5GsyG0Hqqz7o4xWp65CveU3JJGOSV5ydf7rRFrHezbnc--NwLheA1z16R8iI3i8prHNPMCJ05M_AKUYD6Sjh6Pk__Qk4L-UOtaKM8354CU4I5YJhNpyCn9fZLSqr6lOEaYLbWF02KqjqLNzng4rewF2KdU7Zh5Cirw5-2l_vu93uBuoV7lyoPh6a1ttkoYoWbmuBm2lypsJmehnU7OBXV1W2KpoV1gQ3S_qxtlnx8RV4MalQ3PmjnoFvl5ubiy_d1f7z9uLjVWfIiGunqdXMID72fNB26qkggmrK0cQos0Y7o7jAA9KIU6WYbTzG3Ag0aYIIseQMfHjwXY56dta4WLMKcsl-VnmVSXn5dBP9rTykeykYGUeBm8HbR4Ocvh9dqXL2xbgQVHTpWCRmgg4twtA39M1_6F065tjO-0Mx1AtBG9U9UCanUrKb_obpkfz9XvnkveQXHKqYZg</recordid><startdate>20211012</startdate><enddate>20211012</enddate><creator>Geng, Junming</creator><creator>Qin, Jianyu</creator><creator>He, Jiyu</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-3518</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211012</creationdate><title>Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin</title><author>Geng, Junming ; Qin, Jianyu ; He, Jiyu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-b4db5c069167bdf148384b460f545dcbeca68270b064aa5db4d226c80fb3033d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Cone calorimeters</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Differential scanning calorimetry</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Epoxy resins</topic><topic>Flame retardants</topic><topic>Melting</topic><topic>Montmorillonite</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Phosphorus</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Structural stability</topic><topic>Surfactants</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><topic>Thermogravimetric analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Geng, Junming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Jianyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Jiyu</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Geng, Junming</au><au>Qin, Jianyu</au><au>He, Jiyu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><date>2021-10-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>3496</spage><pages>3496-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34685257</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym13203496</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-3518</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Composite materials Cone calorimeters Curing Differential scanning calorimetry Efficiency Electron microscopy Epoxy resins Flame retardants Melting Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Nitrogen Phosphorus Polymers Structural stability Surfactants Thermal stability Thermogravimetric analysis |
| title | Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin |
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