An evaluation of factors that may influence clinicians' decisions not to enroll eligible patients into randomized trials in critical care

Objectives To determine the association between intensive care unit (ICU) characteristics and clinicians' decision to decline eligible patients for randomization into a multicentered pragmatic comparative-effectiveness controlled trial. Methods Screening logs from the Adjunctive Glucocorticoid Therapy in Septic Shock Trial (ADRENAL) and site-level data from the College of Intensive Care Medicine and Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society were examined. The effects of ICU characteristics such as tertiary academic status, research coordinator availability, number of admissions, and ICU affiliations on clinicians declining to randomize eligible patients were calculated using mixed effects logistic regression modelling. Results There were 21,818 patients screened for inclusion in the ADRENAL trial at 69 sites across five countries, out of which 5,501 were eligible, 3,800 were randomized and 659 eligible patients were declined for randomization by the treating clinician. The proportion of eligible patients declined by clinicians at individual ICUs ranged from 0 to41%. In the multivariable model, none of the ICU characteristics were significantly associated with higher clinician decline rate. Conclusions Neither tertiary academic status, nor other site-level variables were significantly associated with increased rate of clinicians declining eligible patients.