Antimicrobial properties, mechanics, and fluoride release of ionomeric cements modified by red propolis

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, mechanical properties, and fluoride release capacity of glass ionomer cement (GIC) used for cementing orthodontic bands and modified by ethanolic extract of red propolis (EERP) in different concentrations. Two orthodontic GICs containing EERP at 10%, 25%, and 50%, were used. The following assays were carried out: cell viability tests against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, shear bond strength, microhardness, and fluoride release capacity. The statistical analyses of the antimicrobial tests, fluoride release, diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, and microhardness were performed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (P < .05). Shear bond strength data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test (P < .05). At the concentrations of 25% and 50%, EERP was shown to be a promising antimicrobial agent incorporated into GICs against C albicans (P < .001) and S mutans (P < .001). The fluoride release capacity of the GICs was not affected, and the EERP concentration of 25% was the one that least affected the mechanical properties of the cements (P > .05). The GICs containing EERP at 25% showed a significant increase in their antimicrobial activity against S mutans and C albicans, while mechanical properties and fluoride release remained without significant changes.