Performance evaluation of a lateral flow assay for nasopharyngeal antigen detection for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis

Background SARS‐CoV‐2 has become a global pandemic due to its capacity for rapid transmission. In this context, an early and rapid diagnosis of infected patients that do not require expensive equipment or highly trained personnel is crucial in order to reduce the contagious rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate a chromatographic immunoassay's performance for the rapid diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐antigen. Methods A cross‐sectional study included 369 adults from Western México with diagnosis or suspicion of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Two samples were collected; a naso‐oropharyngeal was used for a molecular determination of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. The molecular analysis was carried out using DeCoV19 Kit Triplex (Genes2life S.A.P.I.) based on the CDC diagnostic panel for N1, N2, and N3 regions. The second sample was retrieved from a nasopharyngeal rub and used for the rapid diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen employing the commercial STANDARD™ Q COVID‐19 Ag Test (SD BIOSENSOR). Results Overall, in 28.2% of the patients was detected the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA, and 21.4% were positive for antigen detection. The rapid antigen test showed a sensitivity and specificity of 75.9% and 100%, respectively, with a positive predictive and negative values of 100% and 91%. Symptoms as anosmia presented a high OR for the positive diagnosis for both test, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and the rapid antigen test of 8.86 (CI = 4.91–16) and 6.09 (CI = 3.42–10.85), respectively. Conclusion SD BIOSENSOR is a useful assay, but some caveats must be considered before the general implementation. This cross‐sectional study included a population from western Mexico with a diagnosis or suspicion of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. An antigen rapid‐test performance was evaluated against Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR), resulting in a sensitivity of 75.9% and a sensitivity of 100%. Symptoms as anosmia, cough, and fatigue were highly related to positivity with both diagnosis‐methods. Antigen rapid‐test resulted in a useful essay for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis.