Stakeholder interactions with the federal government related to Bill S-228 and marketing to kids in Canada: a quantitative descriptive study

Canadian federal restrictions on food marketing to children (children's marketing) were proposed in 2016 as Bill S-228, the , which subsequently died on the parliamentary table. This study quantified the interactions (meetings, correspondence and lobbying) related to Bill S-228 and children's marketing by different stakeholders with the federal government. Interactions between all stakeholders and government related to children's marketing and Bill S-228 (Sept. 1, 2016-Sept. 30, 2019) were analyzed. These included the "Meetings and correspondence on healthy eating" database, detailing interactions between stakeholders and Health Canada related to nutrition policies; and Canada's Registry of Lobbyists, reporting activities of paid lobbyists. We categorized the interactions by stakeholder type (industry, nonindustry and mixed), and analyzed the number and type of interactions with different government offices. We analyzed 139 meetings, 65 lobbying registrants, 215 lobbying registrations and 3418 communications related to children's marketing and Bill S-228. Most interactions were from industry stakeholders, including 84.2% of meetings (117/139), 81.5% of lobbying registrants (53/65), 83.3% of lobbying registrations (179/215) and 83.9% of communications (2866/3418). Most interactions (> 80%) in the highest-ranking government offices were by industry. Industry stakeholders interacted with government more often, more broadly and with higher ranking offices than nonindustry stakeholders on subjects related to children's marketing and Bill S-228. Although further research is needed to analyze the nature of the discourse around children's marketing, it is apparent that industry viewpoints were more prominent than those of nonindustry stakeholders.