Otopathologic evaluation of temporalis fascia grafts following successful tympanoplasty in humans

Objective Temporalis fascia is a commonly used graft material in tympanoplasty; however, little is known about how the histological structure of fascia remodels postimplantation. Herein, we aim to quantify the pre‐ and postoperative microstructure of temporalis fascia and compare histological findings to the native tympanic membrane (TM). Methods Temporal bone specimens having undergone successful subtotal or total drum replacement using temporalis fascia were identified (n = 3). Surgically prepared preimplantation temporalis fascia (PreTF, n = 4) and normal TMs (n = 5) were used as controls. Multiple measurements of thickness of PreTF and of normal and fascia reconstructed TMs at the mesotympanum and hypotympanum were obtained. Collagen fiber patterns of normal and reconstructed TMs were histologically described. Results In cases of fascia tympanoplasty, the mean time of surgery to death was 16 years (range 8–28 years). All cases contained an aerated middle ear without residual perforation. There was no significant difference between the thickness of PreTF and fascia of reconstructed TMs (234.9 ± 144.9 μm vs. 162.9 ± 71.9 μm, P = 0.1). The lamina propria and total thicknesses of controls (59.8 ± 39.3 μm and 83.7 ± 42.4 μm, respectively) were thinner than the PreTF and fascia‐reconstructed TMs, respectively, in all cases (P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.001). Reconstructed TMs contained a thick, longitudinal fiber structure that was qualitatively similar to PreTF. Conclusion Based on human temporal bone specimens, temporalis fascia does not significantly remodel, change thickness, or change fibrous structure following successful tympanoplasty. Results have implications for selection and surgical preparation of graft materials in TM reconstruction. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:E351–E358, 2018