Management strategies and clinical follow-up of pregnant women with intracranial meningioma

Meningiomas are common primary tumors of the central nervous system. The incidence at the age of fertility is low, although there are some hormonal mechanisms involved. Growth in size was observed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which could lead to developing new symptoms during pregnancy or worsening of the already existing ones. Visual impairment is the chief complaint, followed by headache, nausea, vomiting, and seizures. Diagnosis is based on neurological examination, ophthalmoscopy, imaging techniques like gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans, bearing in mind the patient's irradiation and prejudice on the fetus together with the histopathological examination. The objective of the review is to determine the influence of meningioma on pregnancy and vice-versa and provide a strategy of follow-up for maternal-fetal specialists and not only. We performed a systematic review by searching relevant information in PubMed and Wiley databases using keywords as meningioma, pregnancy, progesterone receptors. The results showed that besides a similar incidence of meningioma in pregnant and non-pregnant women, symptoms might flare during pregnancy due to water retention, engorgement of vessels, and the presence of sex hormone receptors on tumor cells. Meningioma may impact the route of pregnancy with adverse effects on the fetus. Thus, fetal monitoring by biophysical profile and cardiotocography (CTG) is needed. The preferred treatment option is surgery, but gestational age and the woman's status must be taken into consideration.