Human papillomavirus infection and anal dysplasia in renal transplant recipients

Background: Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) disease, including anal squamous cell carcinoma. Additional risk factors for HPV‐related disease have not been studied in the renal transplant population. The demographics of anal HPV and associated risk factors were investigated in this population. Methods: Anal cytology and polymerase chain reaction were used to assess anal HPV disease in a cohort of transplant recipients at the Royal London Hospital. Risk factors associated with increased immunosuppression and HPV exposure were collated to determine any association with anal disease. Results: Anal dysplasia was associated with anal oncogenic HPV infection (P < 0·001), duration of immunosuppression (P = 0·050), previous genital warts (P = 0·018) and receptive anal intercourse (P = 0·013). Conclusion: Anal dysplasia was related to immunosuppression and patient factors in this cohort. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Low prevalence in at‐risk group