Visualizing and Isolating Iron-Reducing Microorganisms at the Single-Cell Level

Iron-reducing microorganisms (FeRM) play key roles in many natural and engineering processes. Visualizing and isolating FeRM from multispecies samples are essential to understand the location and geochemical role of FeRM. Here, we visualized FeRM by a "turn-on" Fe -specific fluorescent chemodosimeter (FSFC) with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This FSFC could selectively identify and locate active FeRM from either pure culture, coculture of different bacteria, or sediment-containing samples. Fluorescent intensity of the FSFC could be used as an indicator of Fe concentration in bacterial cultures. By combining the use of the FSFC with that of a single-cell sorter, we obtained three FSFC-labeled cells from an enriched consortium, and all of them were subsequently shown to be capable of iron reduction; two unlabeled cells were shown to have no iron-reducing capability, further confirming the feasibility of the FSFC. Visualization and isolation of FeRM from samples containing multiple species are commonly needed by researchers from different disciplines, such as environmental microbiology, environmental sciences, and geochemistry. However, no available method has been reported. In this study, we provide a method to visualize FeRM and evaluate their activity even at the single-cell level. When this approach is combined with use of a single-cell sorter, FeRM can also be isolated from samples containing multiple species. This method can be used as a powerful tool to uncover the or role of FeRM and their interactions with ambient microbes or chemicals.