Stereochemistry Enhances Potency, Efficacy, and Durability of Malat1 Antisense Oligonucleotides In Vitro and In Vivo in Multiple Species

Antisense oligonucleotides have been under investigation as potential therapeutics for many diseases, including inherited retinal diseases. Chemical modifications, such as chiral phosphorothioate (PS) backbone modification, are often used to improve stability and pharmacokinetic properties of these molecules. We aimed to generate a stereopure (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) antisense oligonucleotide as a tool to assess the impact stereochemistry has on potency, efficacy, and durability of oligonucleotide activity when delivered by intravitreal injection to eye. We generated a stereopure oligonucleotide (MALAT1-200) and assessed the potency, efficacy, and durability of its RNA-depleting activity compared with a stereorandom mixture, MALAT1-181, and other controls in in vitro assays, in vivo mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) eyes, and ex vivo human retina cultures. The activity of the stereopure oligonucleotide is superior to its stereorandom mixture counterpart with the same sequence and chemical modification pattern in in vitro assays, in vivo mouse and NHP eyes, and ex vivo human retina cultures. Findings in NHPs showed durable activity of the stereopure oligonucleotide in the retina, with nearly 95% reduction of RNA maintained for 4 months postinjection. An optimized, stereopure antisense oligonucleotide shows enhanced potency, efficacy, and durability of RNA depletion in the eye compared with its stereorandom counterpart in multiple preclinical models. As novel therapeutics, stereopure oligonucleotides have the potential to enable infrequent administration and low-dose regimens for patients with genetic diseases of the eye.