The COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index (PVI) Dashboard: Monitoring County-Level Vulnerability Using Visualization, Statistical Modeling, and Machine Learning

[Image omitted - see PDF] Methods The current PVI model integrates multiple data streams into an overall score derived from 12 key indicators—including well-established, general vulnerability factors for public health, plus emerging factors relevant to the pandemic—distributed across four domains: current infection rates, baseline population concentration, current interventions, and health and environmental vulnerabilities. Data sources in the current model (version 11.2.1) include the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for emergency response and hazard mitigation planning (Horney et al. 2017), testing rates from the COVID Tracking Project (Atlantic Monthly Group 2020), social distancing metrics from mobile device data ( https://www.unacast.com/covid19/social-distancing-scoreboard), and dynamic measures of disease spread and case numbers ( https://usafacts.org/issues/coronavirus/). Acknowledgments We thank the information technology and web services staff at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Institutes of Health (NIH) for their help and support, as well as J.K. Cetina and D.J. Reif for their useful technical input and advice.