Trait aggression is primarily a facet of antagonism: Evidence from dominance, latent correlational, and item-level analyses

•Trait aggression lacks a foundation in a higher-order personality framework.•Agreeableness was the dominant trait dimension to correlate with trait aggression.•Trait aggression exhibited strongest latent correlations with low agreeableness.•Factor analyses failed to distinguish agreeableness and trait aggression items.•Trait aggression is likely a lower-level facet of antagonism (low agreeableness). Trait aggression has been studied for decades and yet remains adrift from broader frameworks of personality such as the Five Factor Model. Across two datasets from undergraduate participants (Study 1: N = 359; Study 2; N = 620), we observed strong manifest and latent correlations between trait aggression and lower agreeableness (i.e., greater antagonism). Trait aggression was also linked to greater neuroticism and lower conscientiousness, but their effect sizes fell beneath our preregistered threshold. Subsequent item-level analyses were unable to articulate trait aggression and agreeableness items into separate factors using the IPIP-NEO, but not the Big Five Inventory. Our findings suggest that trait aggression is accurately characterized as primarily a facet of antagonism, while also reflecting other personality dimensions.