Diffusion tensor-MRI detects exercise-induced neuroplasticity in the hippocampal microstructure in mice

Despite considerable research on exercise-induced neuroplasticity in the brain, a major ongoing challenge in translating findings from animal studies to humans is that clinical and preclinical settings employ very different techniques. Here we aim to bridge this divide by using diffusion tensor imaging MRI (DTI), an advanced imaging technique commonly applied in human studies, in a longitudinal exercise study with mice. Wild-type mice were exercised using voluntary free-wheel running, and MRI scans were at baseline and after four weeks and nine weeks of running. Both hippocampal volume and fractional anisotropy, a surrogate for microstructural directionality, significantly increased with exercise. In addition, exercise levels correlated with effect size. Histological analysis showed more PDGFR + oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the corpus callosum of running mice. These results provide compelling support for the concept that similar adaptive changes occur in the brains of mice and humans in response to exercise.