Relationship between children physical activity, inflammatory mediators and lymphocyte activation: possible impact of social isolation (COVID-19)

Objective Lifestyle and body composition may be simultaneously responsible for immune response modulation. This study aimed to compare plasmatic adipokines concentration and lymphocyte cytokine production in children with different daily steps (DS) range, as well as to discuss the potential negative impact of the social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic in this context. DS can be a useful and low-cost way of monitoring children’s health status. Study design Fifty children were classified into clusters based in DS measured by pedometer: Sedentary Group (DS = 9338 ± 902 steps) and Active Group (DS = 13,614 ± 1003 steps). Plasma and lymphocytes were isolated and cultured to evaluate cytokine production. Results Sedentary group presented lower adiponectin (7573 ± 232 pg/mL), higher leptin (16,250 ± 1825 pg/mL) plasma concentration, and higher lymphocyte production of IL-17, IFN-gamma, TNF-, IL-2 in relation to active group, suggesting predominance of Th1 response. Otherwise, the active group presented higher lymphocyte supernatant concentration of IL-10 and higher regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage. Conclusion These results indicate that lymphocytes of children performing higher DS have an anti-inflammatory profile, especially of Treg. Besides, the prolonged social isolation in children during the COVID-19 pandemic, limiting physical mobility and exercise, reduces DS and increases adiposity, which could impair the immune system function and raise the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases.