Wilms tumor: a review of current surgical controversies

Overall survival (OS) for children with Wilms tumor (WT) currently stands at around 90%. This is markedly improved from the survival rates of around 30% reported in the middle of the last century. This improvement is due to the development of multimodal treatment for this disease, based on the evidence yielded through international collaboration on trials conducted by the Societe Internationale d'Oncologie Pediatrique (SIOP) and the Children's Oncology Group (COG). In this article, we review some of the current surgical controversies surrounding the management of WT.