Dipyridamole prevents triple-negative breast-cancer progression

Dipyridamole is a widely prescribed drug in ischemic disorders, and it is here investigated for potential clinical use as a new treatment for breast cancer. Xenograft mice bearing triple-negative breast cancer 4T1-Luc or MDA-MB-231T cells were generated. In these in vivo models, dipyridamole effects were investigated for primary tumor growth, metastasis formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, signaling pathways, immune cell infiltration, and serum inflammatory cytokines levels. Dipyridamole significantly reduced primary tumor growth and metastasis formation by intraperitoneal administration. Treatment with 15 mg/kg/day dipyridamole reduced mean primary tumor size by 67.5 % ( p = 0.0433), while treatment with 30 mg/kg/day dipyridamole resulted in an almost a total reduction in primary tumors ( p = 0.0182). Experimental metastasis assays show dipyridamole reduces metastasis formation by 47.5 % in the MDA-MB-231T xenograft model ( p = 0.0122), and by 50.26 % in the 4T1-Luc xenograft model ( p = 0.0292). In vivo dipyridamole decreased activated β-catenin by 38.64 % ( p