Bioglass could increase cell membrane fluidity with ion products to develop its bioactivity

Objectives Silicate bioactive glass (BG) has been widely demonstrated to stimulate both of the hard and soft tissue regeneration, in which ion products released from BG play important roles. However, the mechanism by which ion products act on cells on cells is unclear. Materials and methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human bone marrow stromal cells were used in this study. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and generalized polarization was used to characterize changes in cell membrane fluidity. Migration, differentiation and apoptosis experiments were carried out. RNA and protein chip were detected. The signal cascade is simulated to evaluate the effect of increased cell membrane fluidity on signal transduction. Results We have demonstrated that ion products released from BG could effectively enhance cell membrane fluidity in a direct and physical way, and Si ions may play a major role. Bioactivities of BG ion products on cells, such as migration and differentiation, were regulated by membrane fluidity. Furthermore, we have proved that BG ion products could promote apoptosis of injured cells based on our conclusion that BG ion products increased membrane fluidity. Conclusions This study proved that BG ion products could develop its bioactivity on cells by directly enhancing cell membrane fluidity and subsequently affected cell behaviours, which may provide an explanation for the general bioactivities of silicate material. Ion products released from 45S5 Bioglass can significantly enhance cell membrane fluidity, showing a faster fluorescence recovery rate in the bleached area. As the fluidity of the cell membrane increases, the signal transduction and cell recognition processes on the cell membrane are accelerated, leading to increased cell migration and differentiation, even membrane‐related apoptosis.