Association between clustering of unhealthy lifestyle factors and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study

We aimed to investigate the association between the combination of unhealthy lifestyle and risk of AF. Subjects aged 66 years who underwent health examination from 2009 to 2015 were included. The cohort was divided into 8 groups by the combination of unhealthy lifestyle including current smoking, heavy drinking (> 30 g/day), and lack of regular exercise, and followed up for new-onset AF till December 31, 2017. Among 1,719,401 subjects, 47,334 had incident AF (5.5 per 1000 person-years) during a 5-year mean follow-up period. Lack of regular exercise was the most powerful factor to be associated with a higher risk of AF as a single factor (adjusted hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.13). Amongst combinations of two unhealthy lifestyle factors, current smoking with heavy drinking, lack of regular exercise with heavy drinking, and lack of regular exercise with current smoking were associated with a 6%, 15%, and 20% higher risks of AF, respectively. A cluster of three unhealthy lifestyle components was associated with a 22% higher risk of AF. Increased numbers of unhealthy lifestyle factors were associated with a higher risk of incident AF. These findings support the promotion of a healthy lifestyle to lower the risk of new-onset AF.