Adherence to Physiotherapy-Guided Web-Based Exercise for Persons with Moderate-to-Severe Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Options to support adherence to physical activity in moderate-to-severe multiple sclerosis (MS) are needed. The primary aim was to evaluate adherence to a Web-based, individualized exercise program in moderate-to-severe MS. Secondary aims explored changes in 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), grip strength, Timed 25-Foot Walk test, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) results. Participants were randomized (2:1) to a physiotherapist-guided Web-based home exercise program or a physiotherapist-prescribed written home exercise program. The primary outcome was adherence (number of exercise sessions over 26 weeks). Secondary outcomes were described in terms of means and effect sizes. There were 48 participants: mean ± SD age, 54.3 ± 11.9 years; disease duration, 19.5 ± 11.0 years; and Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale score, 4.4 ± 1.6. There was no significant difference in mean ± SD adherence in the Web-based group (38.9 ± 28.1) versus the comparator group (34.6 ± 40.8; = 198.5, = .208, Hedges' = 0.13). Nearly 50% of participants (23 of 48) exercised at least twice per week for at least 13 of the 26 weeks. Adherence was highest in the Web-based subgroup of wheelchair users. Medium effect sizes were found for the HADS anxiety subscale and in ambulatory participants for TUG. There were no adverse events. There was no difference in exercise adherence between the Web-based and active comparator groups. There was no worsening of secondary outcomes or adverse events, supporting the safety of Web-based physiotherapy. More research is needed to determine whether wheelchair users might be most likely to benefit from Web-based physiotherapy.