Study of the Clinical Efficiency of an Interdisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Patients with Complete or Partial Edentulism

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to improve the safety and efficiency of prosthodontic treatment of patients with dental defects. It is necessary to perform a comprehensive assessment of the dentofacial system disorders, including the analysis of the features of pain manifestations. This study also supports to improve the efficiency of prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with complete dental reconstruction on the basis of an assessment of the severity of orofacial pain manifestations. Materials and Methods The study was a single-site prospective open nonrandomized study with the examination and treatment of 452 patients (age = 44.3 ± 15.2 years, including 282 men and 170 women) with partial or total edentulism. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (control) of 218 patients treated with a standard prosthodontic approach and group 2 (study) of 234 patients treated which the proposed interdisciplinary approach to prosthodontic rehabilitation. Results The study establishes higher safety and clinical efficiency of the proposed interdisciplinary approach. The patients undergoing full-mouth reconstruction with the use of the interdisciplinary approach demonstrated statistically significant decrease in the rate of pain in muscles of the maxillofacial area on palpation, pain, and spasms in the neck area, statistically significantly less frequent pains in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during chewing, pain during opening and closing the mouth. Conclusion The application of the developed comprehensive approach to prosthodontic rehabilitation planning makes it possible to improve essentially the results of treatment at the expense of reduction of pain manifestations in the area of maxillofacial muscles and pain sensations associated with functioning of the TMJ.