Resistance to deltamethrin and fenitrothion in dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) and possible biochemical mechanisms

Environmental pollution, ill-effects on human health, insecticide resistance development and insect pest resurgence are some serious problems that may arise due to excessive chemical spraying for pest control. Despite of heavy aerial and surface insecticide spraying, incomplete control of Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin 1930 (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) is reported in Oman every year, which requires investigation of insecticides resistance in pest. Fifteen populations of O. lybicus , collected from diverse vicinities were exposed along with a deltamethrin-selected (DEL-SEL) and lab-susceptible (LAB-SUS) strain to deltamethrin and fenitrothion insecticides in bioassay tests for estimation of their resistance status. All the field populations of O. lybicus , exhibited minor (RR = 3–5-folds) to low (RR = 5–10-folds) levels of resistance to deltamethrin, however, two out fifteen populations collected from Al-Hajir and Sint were found susceptible against fenitrothion (RR