Association of dietary patterns with serum phosphorus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

Sources of dietary phosphate differentially contribute to hyperphosphatemia in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. This cross-sectional study in Malaysia investigated association between dietary patterns and serum phosphorus in MHD patients. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis, based on 27 food groups shortlisted from 3-day dietary recalls of 435 MHD patients. Associations of serum phosphorus were examined with identified dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns emerged: Home foods (HF dp ), Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB dp ), and Eating out noodles (EO-N dp ). The highest tertile of patients in HF (T3-HF dp ) pattern significantly associated with higher intakes of total protein ( p = 0.002), animal protein ( p = 0.001), and animal-based organic phosphate ( p