Modeling immune cell behavior across scales in cancer

Detailed, mechanistic models of immune cell behavior across multiple scales in the context of cancer provide clinically relevant insights needed to understand existing immunotherapies and develop more optimal treatment strategies. We highlight mechanistic models of immune cells and their ability to become activated and promote tumor cell killing. These models capture various aspects of immune cells: (a) single‐cell behavior by predicting the dynamics of intracellular signaling networks in individual immune cells, (b) multicellular interactions between tumor and immune cells, and (c) multiscale dynamics across space and different levels of biological organization. Computational modeling is shown to provide detailed quantitative insight into immune cell behavior and immunotherapeutic strategies. However, there are gaps in the literature, and we suggest areas where additional modeling efforts should be focused to more prominently impact our understanding of the complexities of the immune system in the context of cancer. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models A better understanding of immune cell response in tumors requires multiscale modeling of intracellular signaling, multicellular interactions, and spatial and whole‐body dynamics.