Rapid topographic reorganization in adult human primary visual cortex (V1) during noninvasive and reversible deprivation

Can the primary visual cortex (V1), once wired up in development, change in adulthood? Although numerous studies have demonstrated topographic reorganization in adult V1 following the loss of bottom-up input, others have challenged such findings, offering alternative explanations. Here we use a noninvasive and reversible deprivation paradigm and converging neural and behavioral approaches to address these alternatives in the experimental test case of short-term topographic reorganization in adult human V1. Specifically, we patched one eye in typical adults, thereby depriving the cortical representation of the other eye’s blind spot (BS), and immediately tested for topographic reorganization using functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysics. Strikingly, within just minutes of eye-patching, the BS representation in V1 began responding to stimuli presented outside of the BS, and these same stimuli were perceived as elongated toward the BS. Thus, we provide converging neural and behavioral evidence of rapid topographic reorganization in adult human V1, and the strongest evidence yet that visual deprivation produces bona fide cortical change.