Sex-Selective Effects on Behavior in a Mouse Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation in either or TSC affects multiple systems of the body, and patients with TSC display a range of neurologic and behavioral manifestations including seizures, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and mood disorders. Whereas behavioral phenotypes of many mouse models have been studied, the effects of sex have, for the most part, not been explored. We studied adult male and female heterozygous and control mice to investigate the influence of sex and genotype on behavior. On a test of social preference, heterozygous mice, regardless of sex, demonstrated lower preference for the stranger mouse than control mice. In the open field, heterozygous males and control females habituated to the open field with decreasing anxiety-like behavior over time, whereas heterozygous females did not show habituation to the open field environment. We did not find any statistically significant effects of genotype on open field activity, learning and memory or motor function. Our results highlight phenotype differences in heterozygous mice, some of which are influenced by sex. A consideration of how sex influences the behavioral phenotypes of TSC is critical to develop a more complete understanding of the disorder and better target future pharmacological treatments.