Survival and Scoliosis Following Resection of Chest Wall Tumors in Children and Adolescents: A Single-center Retrospective Analysis

OBJECTIVE:We reviewed our experience with pediatric chest wall tumors (CWTs) to identify variables associated with survival, scoliosis development, and need for corrective scoliosis surgery. BACKGROUND:Chest wall neoplasms in children or adolescents are rare. Consequently, there are few large series that detail survival or quality of life indicators, like scoliosis. METHODS:Medical records were reviewed for all chest wall resections for primary and metastatic CWT performed from October 1, 1986 to September 30, 2016 on patients 21 years or younger at diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier distributions were compared using the log-rank test. Variables correlated with survival, scoliosis development, or need for corrective surgeries were analyzed using competing-risk analysis. RESULTS:Seventy-six cases [57 (75%) primary, 19 (25%) metastatic] were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 15.6 years (range0.5–21 years). Tumor types were Ewing sarcoma family tumors (54%), other soft tissue sarcomas (21%), osteosarcoma (11%), rhabdomyosarcoma (7%), and other (8%). A median of 3 (range1–5) contiguous ribs were resected. Surgical reconstruction included composite Marlex mesh and methyl-methacrylate, Gore-Tex, or primary closure in 57%, 28%, and 14% of procedures, respectively. Overall 5-year survival was 61% (95% confidence interval50%–75%). Scoliosis developed in 19 (25%) patients; 6 patients required corrective surgery. Variables associated with overall survival were the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis, and whether the chest tumor itself was a primary or metastatic lesion. Younger age at chest wall resection was associated with the need for corrective surgery in patients who developed scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS:Among pediatric and adolescent patients with CWTs, survival depends primarily on the presence of metastases. Age, type of chest wall reconstruction, and tumor size are not associated with scoliosis development. Among patients who develop scoliosis, younger patients are more likely to require corrective surgery.