Abaloparatide at the Same Dose Has the Same Effects on Bone as PTH (1‐34) in Mice

ABSTRACT Abaloparatide, a novel analog of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP 1–34), became in 2017 the second osteoanabolic therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis. This study aims to compare the effects of PTH (1‐34), PTHrP (1‐36), and abaloparatide on bone remodeling in male mice. Intermittent daily subcutaneous injections of 80 μg/kg/d were administered to 4‐month‐old C57Bl/6J male mice for 6 weeks. During treatment, mice were followed by DXA‐Piximus to assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body, femur, and tibia. At either 4 or 18 hours after the final injection, femurs were harvested for μCT analyses and histomorphometry, sera were assayed for bone turnover marker levels, and tibias were separated into cortical, trabecular, and bone marrow fractions for gene expression analyses. Our results showed that, compared with PTH (1‐34), abaloparatide resulted in a similar increase in BMD at all sites, whereas no changes were found with PTHrP (1‐36). With both PTH (1‐34) and abaloparatide, μCT and histomorphometry analyses revealed similar increases in bone volume associated with an increased trabecular thickness, in bone formation rate as shown by P1NP serum level and in vivo double labeling, and in bone resorption as shown by CTX levels and osteoclast number. Gene expression analyses of trabecular and cortical bone showed that PTH (1‐34) and abaloparatide led to different actions in osteoblast differentiation and activity, with increased Runx2, Col1A1, Alpl, Bsp, Ocn, Sost, Rankl/Opg, and c‐fos at different time points. Abaloparatide seems to generate a faster response on osteoblastic gene expression than PTH (1‐34). Taken together, abaloparatide at the same dose is as effective as PTH (1‐34) as an osteoanabolic, with an increase in bone formation but also an increase in bone resorption in male mice. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.