PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality
Abstract Background Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere. Methods We investigated the relationship of ambient...
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creator | Hayes, Richard B Lim, Chris Zhang, Yilong Cromar, Kevin Shao, Yongzhao Reynolds, Harmony R Silverman, Debra T Jones, Rena R Park, Yikyung Jerrett, Michael Ahn, Jiyoung Thurston, George D |
description | Abstract
Background
Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere.
Methods
We investigated the relationship of ambient PM2.5 exposure with cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality in 565 477 men and women, aged 50 to 71 years, from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. During 7.5 x 106 person-years of follow up, 41 286 cardiovascular disease deaths, including 23 328 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 5894 stroke deaths, were ascertained using the National Death Index. PM2.5 was estimated using a hybrid land use regression (LUR) geostatistical model. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Each increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 (overall range, 2.9–28.0 μg/m3) was associated, in fully adjusted models, with a 16% increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.22] and a 14% increase in mortality from stroke (HR 1.14; CI 1.02-1.27). Compared with PM2.5 exposure |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ije/dyz114 |
format | Article |
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Background
Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere.
Methods
We investigated the relationship of ambient PM2.5 exposure with cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality in 565 477 men and women, aged 50 to 71 years, from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. During 7.5 x 106 person-years of follow up, 41 286 cardiovascular disease deaths, including 23 328 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 5894 stroke deaths, were ascertained using the National Death Index. PM2.5 was estimated using a hybrid land use regression (LUR) geostatistical model. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Each increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 (overall range, 2.9–28.0 μg/m3) was associated, in fully adjusted models, with a 16% increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.22] and a 14% increase in mortality from stroke (HR 1.14; CI 1.02-1.27). Compared with PM2.5 exposure <8 μg/m3 (referent), risks for CVD were increased in relation to PM2.5 exposures in the range of 8–12 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), in the range 12–20 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13) and in the range 20+ μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.28). Results were robust to alternative approaches to PM2.5 exposure assessment and statistical analysis.
Conclusions
Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality, with excess risks occurring in the range of and below the present US long-term standard for ambient exposure to PM2.5 (12 µg/m3), indicating the need for continued improvements in air pollution abatement for CVD prevention.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-5771</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-3685</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz114</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31289812</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Aged ; Air Pollutants - adverse effects ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollution ; Air Pollution - adverse effects ; Air Pollution - analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure - analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Particulate Matter - adverse effects ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>International journal of epidemiology, 2020-02, Vol.49 (1), p.25-35</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2019</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3894-6d14ef55064e39c799898f8792c6b16f8fb5ae6340d4cb4c6b7b5f1ae23e59723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3894-6d14ef55064e39c799898f8792c6b16f8fb5ae6340d4cb4c6b7b5f1ae23e59723</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0918-661X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1578,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31289812$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hayes, Richard B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yilong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromar, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shao, Yongzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynolds, Harmony R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silverman, Debra T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Rena R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Yikyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jerrett, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Jiyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thurston, George D</creatorcontrib><title>PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality</title><title>International journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Int J Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere.
Methods
We investigated the relationship of ambient PM2.5 exposure with cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality in 565 477 men and women, aged 50 to 71 years, from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. During 7.5 x 106 person-years of follow up, 41 286 cardiovascular disease deaths, including 23 328 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 5894 stroke deaths, were ascertained using the National Death Index. PM2.5 was estimated using a hybrid land use regression (LUR) geostatistical model. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Each increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 (overall range, 2.9–28.0 μg/m3) was associated, in fully adjusted models, with a 16% increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.22] and a 14% increase in mortality from stroke (HR 1.14; CI 1.02-1.27). Compared with PM2.5 exposure <8 μg/m3 (referent), risks for CVD were increased in relation to PM2.5 exposures in the range of 8–12 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), in the range 12–20 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13) and in the range 20+ μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.28). Results were robust to alternative approaches to PM2.5 exposure assessment and statistical analysis.
Conclusions
Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality, with excess risks occurring in the range of and below the present US long-term standard for ambient exposure to PM2.5 (12 µg/m3), indicating the need for continued improvements in air pollution abatement for CVD prevention.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - adverse effects</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollution</subject><subject>Air Pollution - adverse effects</subject><subject>Air Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - adverse effects</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>0300-5771</issn><issn>1464-3685</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQhhdRbK1e_AGSixch7X4m2YsgpVahogc9L5v90C1pNuwmhfrrTYkWvXhaZueZd4YHgEsEpwhyMnNrM9O7T4ToERgjmtGUZAU7BmNIIExZnqMROItxDSGilPJTMCIIF7xAeAyWL094yhLpQtL4qupa5-tE1jpRsosmjY1RzjrVl0E7v5VRdZUMiXbRyGiSjQ-trFy7OwcnVlbRXHy_E_B2v3idP6Sr5-Xj_G6VKlJwmmYaUWMZgxk1hKuc8_4OW-Qcq6xEmS1syaTJCIWaqpL2n3nJLJIGE8N4jskE3A65TVdujFamboOsRBPcRoad8NKJv53afYh3vxU5wpTBfcDNEKCCjzEYe5hFUOx1il6nGHT28NXvbQf0x18PXA-A75r_gr4AauV_iw</recordid><startdate>20200201</startdate><enddate>20200201</enddate><creator>Hayes, Richard B</creator><creator>Lim, Chris</creator><creator>Zhang, Yilong</creator><creator>Cromar, Kevin</creator><creator>Shao, Yongzhao</creator><creator>Reynolds, Harmony R</creator><creator>Silverman, Debra T</creator><creator>Jones, Rena R</creator><creator>Park, Yikyung</creator><creator>Jerrett, Michael</creator><creator>Ahn, Jiyoung</creator><creator>Thurston, George D</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-661X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200201</creationdate><title>PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality</title><author>Hayes, Richard B ; Lim, Chris ; Zhang, Yilong ; Cromar, Kevin ; Shao, Yongzhao ; Reynolds, Harmony R ; Silverman, Debra T ; Jones, Rena R ; Park, Yikyung ; Jerrett, Michael ; Ahn, Jiyoung ; Thurston, George D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3894-6d14ef55064e39c799898f8792c6b16f8fb5ae6340d4cb4c6b7b5f1ae23e59723</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - adverse effects</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollution</topic><topic>Air Pollution - adverse effects</topic><topic>Air Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - adverse effects</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - analysis</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hayes, Richard B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yilong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromar, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shao, Yongzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynolds, Harmony R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silverman, Debra T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Rena R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Yikyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jerrett, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Jiyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thurston, George D</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hayes, Richard B</au><au>Lim, Chris</au><au>Zhang, Yilong</au><au>Cromar, Kevin</au><au>Shao, Yongzhao</au><au>Reynolds, Harmony R</au><au>Silverman, Debra T</au><au>Jones, Rena R</au><au>Park, Yikyung</au><au>Jerrett, Michael</au><au>Ahn, Jiyoung</au><au>Thurston, George D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality</atitle><jtitle>International journal of epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2020-02-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>25</spage><epage>35</epage><pages>25-35</pages><issn>0300-5771</issn><eissn>1464-3685</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Background
Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere.
Methods
We investigated the relationship of ambient PM2.5 exposure with cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality in 565 477 men and women, aged 50 to 71 years, from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. During 7.5 x 106 person-years of follow up, 41 286 cardiovascular disease deaths, including 23 328 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 5894 stroke deaths, were ascertained using the National Death Index. PM2.5 was estimated using a hybrid land use regression (LUR) geostatistical model. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Each increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 (overall range, 2.9–28.0 μg/m3) was associated, in fully adjusted models, with a 16% increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.22] and a 14% increase in mortality from stroke (HR 1.14; CI 1.02-1.27). Compared with PM2.5 exposure <8 μg/m3 (referent), risks for CVD were increased in relation to PM2.5 exposures in the range of 8–12 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), in the range 12–20 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13) and in the range 20+ μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.28). Results were robust to alternative approaches to PM2.5 exposure assessment and statistical analysis.
Conclusions
Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality, with excess risks occurring in the range of and below the present US long-term standard for ambient exposure to PM2.5 (12 µg/m3), indicating the need for continued improvements in air pollution abatement for CVD prevention.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>31289812</pmid><doi>10.1093/ije/dyz114</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-661X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Aged Air Pollutants - adverse effects Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Air Pollution - analysis Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality Cohort Studies Environmental Exposure - analysis Female Humans Male Middle Aged Particulate Matter - adverse effects Particulate Matter - analysis Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors United States - epidemiology |
title | PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality |
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