Proinsulin associates with poor β‐cell function, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide, and insulin resistance in persistent type 2 diabetes after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass in humans

Background The determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission and/or relapse after gastric bypass (RYGB) remain fully unknown. This study characterized β‐ and α‐cell function, in cretin hormone release and insulin sensitivity in individuals with (remitters) or without (non‐remitters) diabetes remission after RYGB. Methods This is a cross‐sectional study of two distinct cohorts of individuals with or without diabetes remission at least 2 years after RYGB. Each individual underwent‐either an oral glucose (remitters) or a mixed meal (non‐remitters) test; glucose, proinsulin, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon, incretins and leptin were measured. Results Compared to remitters (n = 23), non‐remitters (n = 31) were older (mean [±SD] age 56.1 ± 8.2 vs. 46.0 ± 8.9 years, P