Quantifying biases in marine-protected-area placement relative to abatable threats
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a critical defense against biodiversity loss in the world’s oceans, but to realize near-term conservation benefits, they must be established where major threats to biodiversity occur and can be mitigated. We quantified the degree to which MPA establishment has targe...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Conservation biology 2019-12, Vol.33 (6), p.1350-1359 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a critical defense against biodiversity loss in the world’s oceans, but to realize near-term conservation benefits, they must be established where major threats to biodiversity occur and can be mitigated. We quantified the degree to which MPA establishment has targeted stoppable threats (i. e., threats that can be abated through effectively managed MPAs alone) by combining spatially explicit marine biodiversity threat data in 2008 and 2013 and information on the location and potential of MPAs to halt threats. We calculated an impact metric to determine whether countries are protecting proportionally more high-or lowthreat ecoregions and compared observed values with random protected-area allocation. We found that protection covered < 2% of ecoregions in national waters with high levels of abatable threat in 2013, which is 59% less protection in high-threat areas than if MPAs had been placed randomly. Relatively low-threat ecoregions had 6.3 times more strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature categories I–II) than high-threat ecoregions. Thirty-one ecoregions had high levels of stoppable threat but very low protection, which presents opportunities for MPAs to yield more significant near-term conservation benefits. The extent of the global MPA estate has increased, but the establishment of MPAs where they can reduce threats that are driving biodiversity loss is now urgently needed.
Las áreas marinas protegidas (MPAs, en inglés) son un sistema de defensa crítica contra la pérdida de biodiversidad en los océanos del mundo, pero para hacer realidad los beneficios de conservación de corto plazo, estas áreas deben establecerse en donde ocurren la mayoría de las amenazas para la biodiversidad y en donde puedan mitigarse. Cuantificamos el grado al cual la fundación de MPAs se ha enfocado en amenazas abatibles (es decir, amenazas que pueden abatirse solamente por medio de MPAs manejadas efectivamente) al combinar los datos de amenazas para la biodiversidad marina espacialmente explícita en 2008 y en 2013 y la información sobre la ubicación y el potencial que tienen las MPAs para detener las amenazas. Calculamos una medida de impacto para determinar si los países están protegiendo proporcionalmente más ecoregiones de alta o baja amenaza y comparamos los valores observados con las áreas protegidas asignadas al azar. Descubrimos que la protección cubría < 2% de las ecoregiones en aguas nacionales con niveles al |
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ISSN: | 0888-8892 1523-1739 |
DOI: | 10.1111/cobi.13340 |