ROS and NO Dynamics in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Exercise-Induced Wall Shear Stress

Introduction Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels are associated with vascular homeostasis and diseases. Exercise can modulate ROS and NO production through increasing frequency and magnitude of wall shear stress (WSS). However, the details of ROS and NO production in endothelial cells and their interplay under WSS induced by exercise at different intensities remain unclear. Methods In this study, we developed an in vitro multicomponent nonrectangular flow chamber system to simulate pulsatile WSS waveforms induced by moderate and high intensity exercise. Furthermore, the dynamic responses of ROS and NO in endothelial cells and the relationship between ROS and NO were investigated under the WSS induced by different intensity exercise. Results After exposing to WSS induced by moderate intensity exercise, endothelial cells produced more NO than those under high intensity exercise-induced WSS. In this process, ROS was found to play a dual role in the generation of intracellular NO. Under WSS induced by moderate intensity exercise, modest elevated ROS promoted NO production, whereas excessive ROS in endothelial cells exposed to WSS induced by high intensity exercise attenuated NO bioavailability. Interestingly, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could increase NO production under WSS induced by high intensity exercise. Conclusions Our results provide some cues for selecting appropriate exercise intensities and elevating benefits of exercise on endothelial function. Additionally, owing to the consistency of our results and some in vivo phenomena, this flow chamber system may serve as an in vitro exercise model of arterial vessel for future studies.