Change in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio during immunotherapy treatment is a non-linear predictor of patient outcomes in advanced cancers

Background The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is known to be prognostic for patients with advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but has generally been evaluated as a single threshold value at baseline. We evaluated NLR at baseline and within first month during treatment in patients who received ICI for advanced cancer to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline and of changes from baseline to on-treatment NLR. Methods A retrospective review of patients with advanced cancer treated with ICI from 2011 to 2017 at the Ohio State University was performed. NLR was calculated at the initiation of ICI and repeated at median of 21 days. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the initiation of ICI to date of death or censored at last follow-up. Significance of Cox proportional hazards models were evaluated by log-rank test. Calculations were performed using the survival and survminer packages in R , and SPSS. Results 509 patients were identified and included in the analysis. Patients with baseline and on-treatment NLR