Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of S-100β Is A Biomarker for Spinal Cord Injury; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

There is controversy regarding the value of serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100B) in spinal cord injury (SCI). For reaching a general conclusion, the present meta-analysis was designed aiming to evaluate the value of serum and CSF levels of S-100B protein in detecting the presence of SCI in animal studies. An extensive search was performed in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of science databases. Screening articles, summarizing them and entering data to checklist and quality assessment of the mentioned articles were done by 2 independent reviewers. Data were analyzed and a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were presented. Finally, the data of 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Serum level of S-100B had increased as a result of SCI. During the first 6 hours after injury, the level of this protein was very high (SMD=3.8; 95% CI: 2.6 to 5.1; p